13.01.2019
DBase III Plus serial key or number

DBase III Plus serial key or number

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dBase III Plus serial key or number

dBase III Plus serial key or number

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Loony Toons Edition: #: ZQAAfter Dark - Marvel Comics Edition: #: MVWAfter Dark - Star Trek Edition: #: BSNAfter Dark - Star Trek: StarDate: #: ESWAfter Dark - Star Trek: TNG: #: BSWAfter Dark - Simpsons Edition: #: ZQWAfter Dark - Totally Twisted Edition: #: BIIAfter Dark - X-Men Edition: #: ADAfter Dark v (Win3): #: AD #: ADWAfter Dark v (Win95): #: ADCAgency Database vc (Win3): #: ADWAgent e: #: wh6wkl49rk8c-h2bsh-6hs7r58h-c8lz55f6-wg3edwrkAgfa Fotoflow: #: Agsi v for DOS: name: You!: #: HVHUIFOQAlbatross CD-Player (OS/2): name: Doh Enterprises: #: Aldus Freehand v (Win3): #: Aldus Freehand v (Win3): #: Aldus Gallery effect v (Win3): #: Aldus Persuasion va (Win3): #: Aldus Persuasion vb (Win3): #: Aldus Photostyler v (Win3): #: Aldus Photostyler va (Win3): #: Aldus Photostyler vSE (Win3): #: Aldus Type Twister v (Win3): #: Aldus/Adobe Pagemaker v #: Aldus/Adobe Pagemaker ENG v (Win3) : #: Aldus/Adobe Pagemaker NL v (Win3): #: CAldus/Adobe Pagemaker va: #: Aldus/Adobe Pagemaker v (Win95): #: 03WRAllfix v name: Me!: #: AEA94FFD5ACAlliance ScreenSaver (Win3 & MAC): #: Almanac c (Win95)/NT: name: TwinHead [TWH/UCF]: #: A or BAlmanac 3.x: name: THE RIDDLER [EOD]: #: BAlone in the Dark I CD: #: 11 Alpha Five (Win3): #: Alpha Five Home/Business v (Win3): #: Z50HBEVAltamira Composer v Pro: #: Altos System Diagnostic vSO: #: DIAG7K_9KAltos system ECU setup vSO: #: A_ECUAmerican Heretic Dictionary: #: AM Workflow v #: America Online v (Win3): #: pw: LARKED-MASSESAmerica Online v (Win3): #: pw: AMBLED-ANIONAmerica Online v (Win3): #: pw: SWIMS-TAGGERAmerica Online v beta 4: #: pw: GOBLET-MEDIANAmerica Online v for Windows: #: 3s password: FEVER-DRAMASAmerica Online Ver 50 hrs.: #: 3E password: GLEEM-TUNERSAniMagic GIF v name: mISTER fANATIC: #: C72DA8B7AniMagic GIF vc: name: Paid Copy: comp: Paid Copy: #: C5D1Animagic GIF Animator vC: name: delphic: company: dng: #: 88DB6CDFAnimagic GIF Animator vb: name: Registered: company: version: #: B18CCF53Animation Works Interactiv v #: AnsiPaint v name: DIR&MIR: #: Answering Machine/2 (OS/2): name: DoH Enterprises: #: Any Folder Shell Extension: name: Steve Hsu: #: Any Folder Shell Extension: name: Reveal: #: Anytime v (Win3): #: YXAnyview va (Win3): #: AVRApple Media Tool v (Win3): #: AMTApplication Control v2.??: name: THE RIDDLER: #: Approach v (Win3): #: 1FArcServe v (Win3)(10 users): #: 10AS ArcServe vg Windows (Netware): #: ArcServe/ vb for DOS: #: Arcsolo v (Win3): #: EVSO Archive Converter v3.x: #: #: ArcTest va: name: TwinHead [TWH/UCF]: #: ARJ va: name: mARQUIS [uCF]: #: xACEARJ v name: PC Forever!: #: x8DF64AEF/KGArt Apart Collectors Edition: #: AskSam Pro v (Win95): #: Asset DocParts v #: ADPAstound v (Win3): #: Astound v (Win3): #: Astro World (Win3): name: Crack da WareZ: #: @JTJ66BHNWAsymetrix 3D F/X (Win3): #: Asymetrix Multimedia Toolbook v #: Ataman TCP Remote Logon Service v name: Misha [UCF]: #: i4bAuthorware Pro v (Win3): #: Authorware Pro v (Win3): #: AutoCAD v #: AutoCAD v #: 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Enterprise Edition v #: Ballade v (Win3)dows: #: Banner 3: #: BarClock: name: ED!SON ' #: KRXSD-ZDCURBatch converter: Batch It! xxxxx (x=3DAny Char)BBS Bowl v name: Me!: #: BBS Drag Racing v sysop: Me!: bbs: G.!.$: #: @?0Beame and WhiteSide BW-Connect NFS: #: BestWeb v (Win3): #: BGfax v name: Me: #: pop: DFCA99E0Bicycle v Bike'alog on Disk: #: WWUXPQVYPBitcom vc: #: ABitfax vc: #: ABitfax/SR vg and Bitcom vd: #: ABitfax/SR vh and Bitcom vd: #: Bitfax Pro v (Win3): #: 1 BitWare Fax v (Win95): #: Bitware Fax v (DOS/Win): #: Blackboard: name: Me: bbs: ABC: key: ?G49(Blade Runner (Win3): #: KDABlastermaster v6.x: (add to manicapital.com): SET SBMASTER=Blocks Door v bbsname: G.!.$: bbsphone: name: Me!: #: BlueLine E-Z Invoice v (Win95): #: Bluewave v name: Me: #: name: TwinHead: #: Bluewave v (DOS): name: BLaCK SQuaDRoN: #: XB48ALBBBluewave v (): name: BLaCK SQuaDRoN: #: CMKA94CBBluewave v (OS2): name: BLaCK SQuaDRoN: #: XGCBBluewave Mail Door vx: name: Me!: name mail packet: Bwave: #: Bolo CD-version: #: LNKBookie Bookworm: All stories: #: BookMaker IPF Authoring Tool (OS/2): #: Boot Commander v #: RTTHYBoot'R v name: "Your own": #: RHBoot'R vx: name: TwinHead: #: EWG58RN5QH3DFBoot'R v #: BOOTRBorland C++ v (OS/2): #: BCPWWBorland Office v (Win3): #: IAABridge manager v (Win3): #: Bright Work LAN center inventory: #: LAI pass: PQXAOBusinessCard: name: ED!SON ' company: [UCf/Xf]: #: BusinessCards (Win3) v3.x: name: TwinHead: company: United Cracking Force: #: Business Vision II Delta v #: Business Works Accounting v #: Buromanager Pro v #: 0EBy Design v #: By Design (WordPerfect): #: W20FE   C.B.S.O v #: SYSTEMCA Clipper v #: name: MarQuiS De SoiR‚e: company: UCFCA Simply Accounting va (Win3): #: CA Simply Accounting vb (Win3): #: CAD Easy Electrical Symbols: #: Cable Management Systems v #: CMS94DACaere Image Assistant: #: B-DCalendar v Enterprises: #: key: Calera Wordscan v #: BBCalera Wordscan v (Win3): #: HPCaligari Truespace v (Win3): #: 3 10 cANDI Realmode NDIS-2 Driver: #: ECantax for '95 v (Win3): #: Canvas (Win3): #: Canvas v (Win3): #: Captain Kirk v name: MarQuiS De SoiR‚e: #:CK2-L7R:IYD:KM1:LLGCapture Pro v name: >>> BILL HATES <<<: company: United Cracking Force: #: Yih6t##fCarbon Copy v #: WCarbon Copy v #: Carbon Copy+ v #: Carbon Copy (Guest & Utils): #: Carbon Copy (Host): #: CardGames I v (OS/2): name: DoH RuLeZ!: #: RGCardshop Plus (Win3): #: CaseLinr name: Me!: #: w42q6GcQLnCaseLinr name: afdad [SpX]: #: P7GXQ7Nu8YCatdisk manicapital.com: (manicapital.com) SET CATDISK=XYZZYCatdisk manicapital.com: name: Maroon #: GQIRCCGrep V #: CYBERGREPCD-Gen v #: GEN-WCD-Player manicapital.com: name: THE RiDDLER [E0D/P0W]: #: 79FBCD-Quick Cache v name: Me: #: DF92CD-QuickShare v #: CD-ROM Update v beta: name: Me: bbs: G.!.$: #: CD Spectrum Pro v #: CD-Wizard v firstname: MaC: initial: uCF: lastname: Thunderbyte: key: #: CD-Write v #: Chameleon NFS Morpher v #: S3,D7D0Chameleon NFS v (Win3): #: P3 C4EDChameleon NFS v #: I3 2FA2Chameleon NFS v NetManage: #: S3: key: B27EChameleon v4.x: #: S3: key: AChameleon v (Win95): #: I3: key: BCheat Master (all versions): Make a empty file "A manicapital.com"Check It v and v #: Checkit Pro Analyst (Win3): #: ACheckit Pro Analyst v (Win3): #: ACheckit Pro Sysinfo v #: ACheckit Pro v (Win3): #: ACheckit Pro v or + Windows: #: ACheckit v+: #: ACheck List by TouchStone: #: DChicago Beta Build betasite id: pw: C9ECICS v (OS/2) Multi User: #: UNCICS v (OS/2) Single User: #: UNCIDMan v name: Pr0metheus: Tel#: #: ?GK@Cindi v #: DCiPA: #: CiTrix Multi-User Link: #: Clarion v #: Clarion v #: XCleansweep v (Win3): #: CCleansweep v (Win95): #: CClickette: name: Compu Terror: company: (Anything you Like): expiry date: (Leave Blank): #: YPQE8YLARYLH2JW6WClinical Pharmacy (Win3): #: Clinical Pharmacology v #: Clipper va: #: CDX Clipper +: name: MarQuiS De Soir‚e: company: UCF: #: Clipmate: name: Pr0metheus [Db0/BS96]: #: FClipmate v name: Registered: #: FCloseup Host: Remote v (Win3): #: 31B57DCloseup v (Win3): #: IBBClysBar: name: ED!SON ' #: CMed b: name: Crack da WareZ: #: BMBKEJANEJCMP QWk-reader v name: Me!: #: kry: CM-Textfind v name: TwinHead [TWH/BDC]: #: CM Viewer v #: P31Coach & Coach Pro: #: Colorado TapeBackup v #: Color View v name: Twinhead [TWH/BDC]: #: Color View v name: MaRooN: #Comma Net Mail v (Win3): #: CommandLine name: ED!SON ' #: Comment: #: Communique v firstname: Me!: lastname: G.!.$: #: ??4BC46??????Compact Disc Master v name: THE RiDDLER [E0D/P0W]: #: 79FBCompel PE: #: ASYMComplete Program Deleter v (Win3): #: Complete Writers Toolkit: #: WTComputer Works (Win3): #: FCompupic vb name: Me: phone: #: BBWKBBVEPCConDiz vB: name: TwinHead [TWH/BDC]: #: ConferenceRoom v #: Config manicapital.com: (manicapital.com): REGNAM=THE RiDDLER [E0D/P0W]: REGKEY= DEMOKE=Config v (manicapital.com): regname: RENEGADE /XADi: regkey: Connect2SMTP Gateway for Novell: #: Context v Online Dictionary(Win3): #: Conversions Plus (Win3): #: Conversions Plus v (Win3): #: Conversions Plus va (Win3): #: Cool Edit v (Win3): name: You!: #: BMJZCPUXCool Edit -v (Win3): name: Misha [DOD/RAZOR/UCF]: #:LJLEOAJACool Edit v (Win3): name: COOL MAN: #: XJMINCLECool Edit +v (Win3): name: tHE riDDLER [uCF]: #: CMFRQENHCool Edit (Win95): name: Crack by Mustang: #: GWTDCQZZCorel Draw v NL (Win3): #: CD #: CDCorel Draw v (Win3): #: CDCorel Draw v rev. E2 (Win3): #: CDCorel Flow v (Win3): #: SW-QCF-E: #: CFCorel Gallery v (Win3): #: CGCorel Photopaint v+ (Win3): #: PPCorel Ventura 5 (Win3): #: CDCO/Session v Host: #: TTCO/Session v #: TTCO/Session v #: TCorstream Dedicated Server v #: CBA CPIC vb name: Me: phone: #: BBWKBBVEPCCPU Monitor Plus v (OS/2) v #: CPUP-VCross Communications v #: Cross Ties (Win3): #: USACrazy Bytes 3 CD-ROM RAR files: #: $@ kalimero@$CreateIt (Win3): #: IFSD-CICrosseye 1 (Sausage Software): name: Daniel Barfie: company: (Anything you Like): Expiry Date: (Leave Blank): #: 0N8FVA60WC9N6JA2P5ZXCrosspoint v #: C Crystal Caliburn Pinball: #: CCWU1Crystal Graphics Flying Fonts (Win3): #: RBCSE HTML Validator v name: Saltine [PC]: #: KLc7TpC3l3a7CSE HTML Validator v name: LOMAX [DSI]: #: V87mMQZOWWV8CStar v (Win3): #: CuneiForm OCR v #: CLC31LCuneiForm OCR v #: CRENETCyberCom v name: TwinHead [TWH/UCF]: #: CyberCom v name: LURKER/REBELS: #:    Dabbler v (Win3): #: DacEasy EIS v (Win3): #: EI50XDacEasy (Win3): #: WA1IBDacEasy Accounting v #: PR4IBDaGesh v #: Dana v (Win95): name: DjPaul [uCF]: #: ADan's Demo-It vc: #: DIWOData Access tools va (Win3): #: 1FDataBoss "C": #: DataBoss v (Win3) : #: DataCAD Estimator v #: DataCAD Professional v (update): #: DC50CData Highway Light v #: ,Data Junction v (Win3): #: WDataLink v #: DataMaker v (Win3): #: F6Davinci E-mail v #: 52XVD-GBEUP-6BP3ADayByDay v hold (SHIFT-F10) note number: hold (SHIFT-Fx): (x= curent day: 1 Sunday, 2 Monday etc): enter numberDayTimer Organizer v (Win3): #: DayTimer Organizer v #: Dazzle plus v (Win3): #: DPDazzle plus vb (Win3): #: Dbase III plus: #: Dbase IV: #: KDAADbase IV v #: WACDbase IV v beta 2: #: KDAADbase IV v NL: #: WACDbase IV v #: IA ADbase IV (Win3): #: DAADbase IV v (Win3): #: DAAD.B. Express v (Win3): #: PEDbWeb v #: DCC Pro v #: DCC v4.x: #: DCLW: name: Me!: bbs: G.!.$: #: Death Masters: bbs: Me!: #: Deleter v name: TwinHead [uCF] ! #: Delrina CommSuite #: Delrina Cyberjack #: Delrina Preform v (Win3): #: Delrina Wincom Pro v (Win3): #: 37Z59JDelta Graph Pro v #: MUUDeluxe Property Manager: #: Demo Maker v (manicapital.com): line1: line2: line3: (Your Name)Demo Maker v #: key: Demo Workshop: name: Okware: #: 0AQ6M5RBRATPN8HN64K05IDeneba's Canvas (Win3): #: Designer CAD v #: Designer CAD v #: Design Estimator: #: DeskTop v #: Desqview/X v #: XDesqview/X Network Manager v #: VDesqview/X OSF/Motif: #: RDesqview & QEMM #: HDesqview v & QEMM v #: HDesqview v & QEMM v #: HDigigrabber: #: Dilbert Screensaver Collection: #: Director v (Win): #: DRWDriector Academic v (Win95): #: DRWDisc-At-Once: name: ED!SON ' company: [UCf/Xf]: #: Dial Up Magic v (Win95): name: Me: #: Disk Management System v #: Disk Manager v Maxtor HD: #: Disk Optimizer v (Win3): #: Disc Player v pass: VREGEON: #: DP2-UDisk Access: #: name: Intergraph Evaluation Software: #: EgymaqDCF (manicapital.com): line1: $REGISTER: line2: (Your Name) Regis,tered: line3: $NOMSGDiskdupe Pro v7.x: #: Disktop #: Dispatch v : #: Distinct TCP/IP v (Win3): #: AD key: DFDizCat v name: TwinHead [TWH/UCF]: #: DCDiz-it v name: TwinHead [TWH/BDC]: #: Diz-it v Pro: name: TwinHead [TWH/UCF]: #: DizMan v name: A SiN Supporter: bbs: A SiN BBS: #: FC97B1D63C2BCDocMan v WIN #: IFNRUXDogz: name: mold: #: DoKo for Omnis 5 runtime: #: DOKODoorway v name: Me: #: Dos Command Centre v name: me: #: DosFax Lite: #: ZOO DosMenu v #: SKIPBREMERDos Modem Server: #: Dos Navigator II: (manicapital.com): line1: ;Register key fur DOS-Navigator: line2: 0E line3: Registered looser: line4: XXX: line5: XXX: line line7: FFFF97BEDos Navigator II: (edit manicapital.com): line #1: Register key fur DOS-Navigator: line #2: E22B: line #3: Registered looser: line #4: Batman: line #5: Gotham: line # line #7: FFFF97BEDoubleColor va: #: XDDraftChoice va: name: SaLaMAnDeR: #: DraftChoice+ ve: name: DOD: #: Dragon's Castle: bbs: G.!.$
Источник: [manicapital.com]
, dBase III Plus serial key or number

emelhu / NDbfReaderEx

#### #### ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ###### ###### ##### ### ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ####### ######## ####### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ###### #### ###### ######## ####### ##### Xbase File Format Description by Erik Bachmann Clickety Click Software WHAT IS XBASE "Generic term for the dBASE family of database languages. Coined in response to threatened litigation over use of the copyrighted trademark 'dBASE'." manicapital.com Xbase is a complex of data files (.DBF), indexes (NDX, MDX, CDX etc.) and eventually note files (DBT) for storing large amounts of formatted data in a structured form. The Xbase family of databases is covering the dBase, Clipper, FoxPro, and their Windows equivalents Visual dBase, Visual Objects, and Visual FoxPro, plus some older products. All are based on the .DBF file format. Basically Xbase is three different types of files: manicapital.com Data files manicapital.com Memo files (i.e. a separate file containing full text fields) *.ndx Index files pointing to a field in the *.dbf Xbase is almost compatible with dBASE and is actually a clone of dBASE. The creator of dBASE Ashton-Tate (and later Borland) has the copyright for the name dBASE, but NOT the structure. Therefore the name Xbase (It smells like - but it's not :-) has been widely used for look-alike data structures. There has been an attempt to create a standard for Xbase. I've found a lot of dead links while searching on Alta Vista's World Wide Web search engine. I'm at the moment not aware of the result of the Xbase comitys work. Xbase has - like most dBASE clones - it's offspring in the dBASE III+ file structure. I've tried to add all later enhancements as notes to the structure. _________________________________________________________________ Index * What Is Xbase * Why This Document * A few words of concern * What sort of data can be handled * What do the files look like Data files: The structure of data files (*.dbf) What to check when opening a .DBF File Index files: The Structure of Index files (*.ndx) * Search algorithm for index files The Structure of Multiple Index files (*.mdx) The Structure of Compound Index files (*.cdx) The Structure of Uncompressed Index files (*.idx) The Structure of Clipper Index Files (*.ntx) Memo/freeform files: The Structure of Memo Field Files (*.dbt) The Structure of FoxPro Object and Memo Field Files (*.fpt) The Structure of Memmory Files (*.mem) Features: The Record Lock Field on a dBASE IV Table Read/write locks using share Year problems dBASE II: dBASE II FILES The structure of dBASE II data files (*.dbf) The Structure of dBASE II index file Examples: Description of manicapital.com Description of manicapital.com Description of manicapital.com Hex dump of manicapital.com Hex dump of manicapital.com Hex dump of manicapital.com dBASE Specifications Appendixes List of File extensions HISTORY REFERENCE LIST _________________________________________________________________ WHY THIS DOCUMENT I've been looking for a simple database tool for my work with C programming and bibliographical database systems. During my investigation of a lot of BBS's, FTP sites, toolboxes etc. I've discovered at lot of almost-ready-to-fly Xbase clones. This made me wonder why noone has collected a description of Xbase files AND made a simple package of C functions to handle this type of data files. THAT was my goal - and THIS is the result. _________________________________________________________________ ((*)(*)) \ /\ / #### \__/ WARNING ! ! ! DO *NOT* attempt to manipulate any critical database files *WITHOUT* making a proper and validated backup first. DO *NOT* access any database files in a multi-user environment! DO *NOT* access the files in text mode. Use binary mode only ! _________________________________________________________________ Any comments, corrections, additions etc. are welcome. You can reach me at: e_bachmann@manicapital.com or by snail mail: Erik Bachmann Grydehøjvej 62 DK Roskilde Denmark Europe Third stone from the Sun - and turn left :-) Note! Mispelling an tybingerors are included for freee :-) _________________________________________________________________ A few words of concern Binary Means data is stored in blocks of paired bytes each 8 bits in size. The bytes are swaped in pairs the Intel way with the low byte value first and the high byte value last: ABCDEF (ASCII) BADCFE (binary) Garbage/Reserved Some areas in the files are labeled garbage or reserved or not used. These areas might contain bits and pieces from old files. Check out these areas (and overwrite them with 00h). You might not want to destribute an old love letter or - as I nearly did - parts of your check account. _________________________________________________________________ WHAT SORT OF DATA CAN BE HANDLED Data files (*.dbf) contains a header with information on the data
Источник: [manicapital.com]
dBase III Plus serial key or number

dBase

Database management system

dBase (also stylized dBASE) was one of the first database management systems for microcomputers, and the most successful in its day.[2] The dBase system includes the core database engine, a query system, a forms engine, and a programming language that ties all of these components together. dBase's underlying file format, the .dbf file, is widely used in applications needing a simple format to store structured data.

Originally released as Vulcan for PTDOS in , the CP/M port caught the attention of Ashton-Tate in They licensed it and re-released it as dBASE II, and later ported to Apple II and IBM PC computers running DOS. On the PC platform, in particular, dBase became one of the best-selling software titles for a number of years. A major upgrade was released as dBase III, and ported to a wider variety of platforms, adding UNIX, and VMS. By the mids, Ashton-Tate was one of the "big three" software publishers in the early business software market,[3] the others being Lotus Development and WordPerfect.

Starting in the mids, several companies produced their own variations on the dBase product and especially the dBase programming language. These included FoxBASE+ (later renamed FoxPro), Clipper, and other so-called xBase products. Many of these were technically stronger than dBase, but could not push it aside in the market.[4][5] This changed with the disastrous introduction of dBase IV, whose design and stability were so poor that many users switched to other products.[6] At the same time, there was growing use of IBM-invented SQL (Structured Query Language) in database products. Another factor was user adoption of Microsoft Windows on desktop computers. The shift toward SQL and Windows put pressure on the makers of xBase products to invest in major redesign to provide new capabilities.

In the early s xBase products constituted the leading database platform for implementing business applications. The size and impact of the xBase market did not go unnoticed, and within one year, the three top xBase firms were acquired by larger software companies:

By the following decade most of the original xBase products had faded from prominence and several disappeared. Products known as dBase still exist, owned by dBase LLC.

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

In the late s, Fred Thompson at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) was using a Tymshare product named RETRIEVE to manage a database of electronic calculators, which were at that time very expensive products. In Thompson collaborated with Jack Hatfield, a programmer at JPL, to write an enhanced version of RETRIEVE which became the JPLDIS project. JPLDIS was written in FORTRAN on the UNIVAC mainframe, and was presented publicly in When Hatfield left JPL in , Jeb Long took over his role.[12]

While working at JPL as a contractor, C. Wayne Ratliff entered the office football pool. He had no interest in the game, but felt he could win the pool by processing the post-game statistics found in newspapers. In order to do this, he turned his attention to a database system and, by chance, came across the documentation for JPLDIS. He used this as the basis for a port to PTDOS on his kit-built IMSAI microcomputer, and called the resulting system Vulcan (after Mr. Spock on Star Trek).[13][14]

Ashton-Tate[edit]

George Tate and Hal Lashlee had built two successful start-up companies: Discount Software, which was one of the first to sell PC software programs through the mail to consumers, and Software Distributors, which was one of the first wholesale distributors of PC software in the world. They entered into an agreement with Ratliff to market Vulcan, and formed Ashton-Tate (the name Ashton chosen purely for marketing reasons) to do so. Ratliff ported Vulcan from PTDOS to CP/M. Hal Pawluk, who handled marketing for the nascent company, decided to change the name to the more business-like "dBase". Pawluk devised the use of lower case "d" and all-caps "BASE" to create a distinctive name. Pawluk suggested calling the new product version two ("II") to suggest it was less buggy than an initial release. dBase II was the result and became a standard CP/M application along with WordStar and SuperCalc.[15]

In , IBM commissioned a port of dBase for the then-in-development PC. The resultant program was one of the initial pieces of software available when the IBM PC went on sale the fall of dBase was one of a very few "professional" programs on the platform at that time, and became a huge success. The customer base included not only end-users, but an increasing number of "value added resellers", or VARs, who purchased dBase, wrote applications with it, and sold the completed systems to their customers. The May release of dBase II RunTime further entrenched dBase in the VAR market by allowing the VARs to deploy their products using the lower-cost RunTime system.

Although some critics stated that dBase was difficult to learn, its success created many opportunities for third parties. By more than 1, companies offered dBase-related application development, libraries of code to add functionality, applications using dBase II Runtime, consulting, training, and how-to books. A company in San Diego (today known as Advisor Media) premiered a magazine devoted to professional use of dBase, Data Based Advisor; its circulation exceeded 35, after eight months.[16] All of these activities fueled the rapid rise of dBase as the leading product of its type.

dBase III[edit]

Screenshot of Dbase III Plus

As platforms and operating systems proliferated in the early s, the company found it difficult to port the assembly language-based dBase to target systems. This led to a re-write of the platform in the C programming language, using automated code conversion tools. The resulting code worked, but was essentially undocumented and inhuman in syntax, a problem that would prove to be serious in the future.[citation needed]

The resulting dBase III was released in May Although reviewers widely panned its lowered performance, the product was otherwise well reviewed. After a few rapid upgrades the system stabilized and was once again a best-seller throughout the s, and formed the famous "application trio" of PC compatibles (dBase, Lotus , and WordPerfect). By the fall of , the company had over employees and was taking in $40 million a year in sales, the vast majority from dBase products.

dBase IV[edit]

Introduced in ,[17] after delays,[18]dBase IV had "more than new or improved features." By then, FoxPro had made inroads, and even dBase IV's support for Query by Example and SQL were not enough.

Five years later,[19] after the top 3 implementations of the dBase language were bought by Microsoft, Borland and Computer Associates, a version called "dBase PLUS 8" was released; it "can be used to build Web and server-based applications."

Along the way, Borland, which had bought Ashton Tate, brought out a revised dBase IV in [20] but with a focus described as "designed for programmers" rather than "for ordinary users."

Full timeline for all the dBase Products

Recent version history[edit]

Version Released Notes
dBASE PLUS 9 June 18, Additional key features of dBASE PLUS 9 include: dComplete - an Intelli-Sense like feature for the dBASE language; dBlocks - add dBASE snippets of code in a couple of key strokes, dLocator - now find the information across multiple files; dBabel - now support for color-highlighting HTML, XML, SQL, JavaScript and others; dExtract - now export your source code into HTML, RTF, PDF, LaTex, and XML; dbfExplorer - now reveal the file properties inside the Windows Explorer interface; Updated Editor - it includes Code Folding, Auto Indent, End of Line markers, Indentation Guides, Line Numbers, and other features, 60% more keyboard shortcuts; Lookup Data – royalty free data that includes stock, geography, and other common types of lookup data; and Catalyst SocketTools ActiveX controls and libraries help developers create Internet-enabled applications quickly and easily.[21]
dbfExport 2 April 17, The next major release of dbfExport 2, from dBase LLC.[22] Can convert dBASE data from .dbf files to CSV, HTML, Microsoft Excel and below, Microsoft Excel and above, or XML.
dbDOS PRO May 6, dBase, LLC Unveils New Version of dbDOS PRO 4![23] dbDOS PRO 4, the latest version of the best-selling solution for supporting MS-DOS based applications on Windows Vista and above operating systems.
dbDOS PRO N May 18, dBase, LLC Introduces dbDOS PRO 4N – Supports Multi-User MS-DOS Applications, on Windows Vista and above operating systems.[24] Added network communications.
dBASE PLUS 10 July 21, Additional key features of dBASE PLUS 10 include: A new set of Native Components, the new data-aware GridEx (dGrid) and ListView components. An updated Compiler, which allows it to compile larger files, more symbols and is 30% faster. dBASE PLUS 10 introduces a new Debugger – called dBugger. The Embedded Runtime gives the ability to build a single .exe with the dBASE PLUS 10 Runtime embedded into the .exe. Also included, is the new Resource Handling, which now works with both .BMP and .PNG graphic types from resource .dll(s). In addition, dBASE PLUS 10 includes over 15, royalty-free images to use in applications. The product also introduced the updated dComplete , which adds significant code-completion functionality.[25]
dbDOS PRO 5+N July, dBase, LLC Introduces dbDOS PRO 5+N – dbDOS PRO 5+N, the latest version of the MS-DOS-based virtual machine (VM) to run DOS based applications on Windows bit operating systems.[26]
dBASE PLUS 11 January, Additional New features of dBASE PLUS 11 include: Touch and Tablet support – dBASE PLUS 11 now supports touch and gesturing with enhanced support for tablets. Assist Technologies. dmAssist – the data module designer introduces a much easier interface for building and working with data modules. The new dmAssist works with both data-layers of the BDE and ADO technologies. dBASE PLUS 11 makes building data-aware web applications easier with a new responsive web framework that works on both Apache and Microsoft IIS technologies. dmOutput – the new dBASE PLUS 11 allows generating output from data modules. dmC.R.U.D. – the new dBASE PLUS 11 allows generating a starter application. dBASE PLUS 11 includes seven new open source fonts that are designed to make code easier to read and print. manicapital.com – the standard data-aware components have been enhanced to support components with graphics 24x24 through 64x Windows Theming – dBASE PLUS 11 now supports 10 Microsoft Windows themes.[27]

dBase / xBase programming language[edit]

Screenshot of dBase III with screen mask

For handling data, dBase provided detailed procedural commands and functions to[28]

  • open and traverse records in data files (e.g., USE, SKIP, GO TOP, GO BOTTOM, and GO recno),
  • manipulate field values (REPLACE and STORE), and
  • manipulate text strings (e.g., STR() and SUBSTR()), numbers, and dates.

dBase is application development language and integrated navigational database management system which Ashton-Tate labeled as "relational" but it did not meet the criteria defined by Dr. Edgar F. Codd's relational model. It used a runtime interpreter architecture, which allowed the user to execute commands by typing them in a command line "dot prompt."

Similarly, program scripts (text files with PRG extensions) ran in the interpreter (with the DO command). dBase programs were easy to write and test; a business person with no programming experience could develop applications.

Over time, Ashton-Tate's competitors introduced so-called clone products and compilers that had more robust programming features such as user-defined functions (UDFs), arrays for complex data handling. Ashton-Tate and its competitors also began to incorporate SQL, the ANSI/ISO standard language for creating, modifying, and retrieving data stored in relational database management systems.

Eventually, it became clear that the dBase world had expanded far beyond Ashton-Tate. A "third-party" community formed, consisting of Fox Software, Nantucket, Alpha Software, Data Based Advisor Magazine, SBT and other application development firms, and major developer groups. Paperback Software launched the flexible and fast VP-Info with a unique built-in compiler. The community of dBase variants sought to create a dBase language standard, supported by IEEE committee X3J19 and initiative IEEE They said "xBase" to distinguish it from the Ashton-Tate product.

Ashton-Tate saw the rise of xBase as an illegal threat to its proprietary technology. In they filed suit against Fox Software and Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) for copying dBase's "structure and sequence" in FoxBase+ (SCO marketed XENIX and UNIX versions of the Fox products). In December , U.S. District judge Terry Hatter, Jr. dismissed Ashton-Tate's lawsuit and invalidated Ashton-Tate's copyrights for not disclosing that dBase had been based, in part, on the public domain JPLDIS. In October , while the case was still under appeal, Borland International acquired Ashton-Tate, and as one of the merger's provisions the U.S. Justice Department required Borland to end the lawsuit against Fox and allow other companies to use the dBase/xBase language without the threat of legal action.

By the end of , major software companies raised the stakes by acquiring the leading xBase products. Borland acquired Ashton-Tate's dBase products (and later WordTech's xBase products), Microsoft acquired Fox Software's FoxBASE+ and FoxPro products, and Computer Associates acquired Nantucket's Clipper products. Advisor Media built on its Data Based Advisor magazine by launching FoxPro Advisor and Clipper Advisor (and other) developer magazines and journals, and live conferences for developers. However, a planned dBase Advisor Magazine was aborted due to the market failure of dBase IV.

By the year the xBase market had faded as developers shifted to new database systems and programming languages. Computer Associates (later known as CA) eventually dropped Clipper. Borland restructured and sold dBase. Of the major acquirers, Microsoft stuck with xBase the longest, evolving FoxPro into Visual FoxPro, but the product is no longer offered. In Advisor Media stopped its last-surviving xBase magazine, FoxPro Advisor. The era of xBase dominance has ended, but there are still xBase products. The dBase product line is now owned by dBase LLC which currently sells dBASE PLUS and a DOS-based dBASE CLASSIC (dbDOS to run it on bit Windows).

Some open source implementations are available, such as Harbour, xHarbour and also Clip. In a new member of the xBase family was born: the XSharp (X#) language. An open source project with a compiler, its own IDE as well as Microsoft Visual Studio integration. XSharp produces .Net assemblies and uses the familiar xBase language. The XSharp product has been created by a group four enthusiasts that have worked for the manicapital.com project in the past. The compiler is created on top of the Roslyn compiler code, the code behind the C# and VB compilers from Microsoft.

Programming examples[edit]

Today, implementations of the dBase language have expanded to include many features targeted for business applications, including object-oriented programming, manipulation of remote and distributed data via SQL, Internet functionality, and interaction with modern devices.

The following example opens an employee table ("empl"), gives every manager who supervises 1 or more employees a percent raise, and then prints the names and salaries.

USE empl REPLACE ALL salary WITH salary * FOR supervisors > 0 LIST ALL fname, lname, salary TO PRINT * (comment: reserved words shown in CAPITALS for illustration purposes)

Note how one does not have to keep mentioning the table name. The assumed ("current") table stays the same until told otherwise. Because of its origins as an interpreted interactive language, dBase used a variety of contextual techniques to reduce the amount of typing needed. This facilitated incremental, interactive development but also made larger-scale modular programming difficult. A tenet of modular programming is that the correct execution of a program module must not be affected by external factors such as the state of memory variables or tables being manipulated in other program modules. Because dBase was not designed with this in mind, developers had to be careful about porting (borrowing) programming code that assumed a certain context and it would make writing larger-scale modular code difficult. Work-area-specific references were still possible using the arrow notation ("B->customer") so that multiple tables could be manipulated at the same time. In addition, if the developer had the foresight to name their tables appropriately, they could clearly refer to a large number of tables open at the same time by notation such as ("employee->salary") and ("vacation->start_date"). Alternatively, the alias command could be appended to the initial opening of a table statement which made referencing a table field unambiguous and simple. For example. one can open a table and assign an alias to it in this fashion, "use EMP alias Employee", and henceforth, refer to table variables as "Employee->Name".

Another notable feature is the re-use of the same clauses for different commands. For example, the FOR clause limits the scope of a given command. (It is somewhat comparable to SQL's WHERE clause.) Different commands such as LIST, DELETE, REPLACE, BROWSE, etc. could all accept a FOR clause to limit (filter) the scope of their activity. This simplifies the learning of the language.

dBase was also one of the first business-oriented languages to implement string evaluation.

i = 2 myMacro = "i + 10"i = &myMacro * comment: i now has the value 12

Here the "&" tells the interpreter to evaluate the string stored in "myMacro" as if it were programming code. This is an example of a feature that made dBase programming flexible and dynamic, sometimes called "meta ability" in the profession. This could allow programming expressions to be placed inside tables, somewhat reminiscent of formulas in spreadsheet software.

However, it could also be problematic for pre-compiling and for making programming code secure from hacking. But, dBase tended to be used for custom internal applications for small and medium companies where the lack of protection against copying, as compared to compiled software, was often less of an issue.

ASSIST application in dBase III+

Interactivity[edit]

In addition to the dot-prompt, dBase III, III+ and dBase IV came packaged with an ASSIST application to manipulate data and queries, as well as an APPSGEN application which allowed the user to generate applications without resorting to code writing, like a 4GL. The dBase IV APPSGEN tool was based largely on portions of an early CP/M product named Personal Pearl.

Niches[edit]

Although the language has fallen out of favor as a primary business language, some find dBase an excellent interactive ad hoc data manipulation tool. Whereas SQL retrieves data sets from a relational database (RDBMS), with dBase one can more easily manipulate, format, analyze and perform calculations on individual records, strings, numbers, and so on in a step-by-step imperative (procedural) way instead of trying to figure out how to use SQL's declarative operations.

Its granularity of operations is generally smaller than SQL, making it easier to split querying and table processing into easy-to-understand and easy-to-test parts. For example, one could insert a BROWSE operation between the filtering and the aggregation step to study the intermediate table or view (applied filter) before the aggregation step is applied.

As an application development platform, dBase fills a gap between lower-level languages such as C, C++, and Java, and high-level proprietary 4GLs (fourth generation languages) and purely visual tools, providing relative ease-of-use for business people with less formal programming skill and high productivity for professional developers willing to trade off the low-level control.

dBase remained a popular teaching tool even after sales slowed because the text-oriented commands were easier to present in printed training material than the mouse-oriented competitors. (Mouse-oriented commands were added to the product over time, but the command language remained a popular de facto standard while mousing commands tended to be vendor-specific.)

File formats[edit]

A major legacy of dBase is its .dbf file format, which has been adopted in a number of other applications. For example, the shapefile format, developed by ESRI for spatial data in its PC ArcInfogeographic information system, uses .dbf files to store feature attribute data.

Microsoft recommends saving a Microsoft Works database file in the dBase file format so that it can be read by Microsoft Excel.[29]

A package is available for Emacs to read xbase files.[30]

LibreOffice and OpenOffice Calc can read and write all generic dbf files.[31][32]

dBase's database system was one of the first to provide a header section for describing the structure of the data in the file.[citation needed] This meant that the program no longer required advance knowledge of the data structure, but rather could ask the data file how it was structured. There are several variations on the .dbf file structure, and not all dBase-related products and .dbf file structures are compatible. VP-Info is unique in that it can read all variants of the dbf file structure.

A second filetype is the .dbt file format for memo fields. While character fields are limited to characters each, a memo field is a byte pointer into a .dbt file which can include a much larger text field. dBase was very limited in its ability to process memo fields, but some other xBase languages such as Clipper treated memo fields as strings just like character fields for all purposes except permanent storage.

dBase uses .ndx files for single indexes, and .mdx(multiple-index) files for holding between 1 and 48 indexes. Some xBase languages such as VP-Info include compatibility with .ndx files while others use different file formats such as .ntx used by Clipper and .idx/.cdx used by FoxPro or FlagShip. Later iterations of Clipper included drivers for .ndx, .mdx, .idx and .cdx indexes.

Reception[edit]

Jerry Pournelle in July called Vulcan "infuriatingly excellent" because the software was powerful but the documentation was poor. He praised its speed and sophisticated queries, but said that "we do a lot of pounding at the table and screaming in rage at the documentation".[14]

In popular culture[edit]

In the movie Office Space, the character Peter Gibbons, a programmer played by Ron Livingston is working to make the company's systems Y2K compliant. On his bookshelf, the book Understanding dBase III Plus by Alan Simpson can clearly be seen.[33][34]

In the TV series Stargate SG-1, season 5 episode 3 titled "Ascension (Stargate)", a book titled Using Clipper can be seen on a bookshelf in Major Samantha Carter's house. Clipper is a widely used DBASE compiler.

References[edit]

  1. ^"The FoxPro History - Interview with Wayne Ratliff". manicapital.com.
  2. ^Lazzareschi, Carla (December 15, ). "The Creator of dBase Software Maintains That It Is Original". LA Times. Retrieved April 26,
  3. ^"ASHTON-TATE&#;: Confronting a Hard Life in the World of Software". The Los Angeles Times. May 10,
  4. ^"The Executive Computer; Can the New dBASE Solve Ashton-Tate's problems?". The New York Times. August 19,
  5. ^"dBASE had 40 percent of the data base market in , compared with percent in "
  6. ^Chapman, Merrill R. (), "The Horror, the Horror", In Search of Stupidity: Over Twenty Years of High-Tech Marketing Disasters, Second Edition, Apress, pp.&#;81–83, ISBN&#;
  7. ^"Worst tech mergers and acquisitions: Novell and Unix, Borland Ashton-Tate".
  8. ^"Borland to Acquire Ashton-Tate in a $Million Deal". LA Times.
  9. ^"Microsoft to Try New Market By Acquiring Fox Software". manicapital.com. March 25,
  10. ^"Microsoft to Buy Fox Software to Get Database Line". LA Times. March 25,
  11. ^"CA acquisition of Nantucket consolidates XBase arena". InfoWorld. May 11, p.&#;8.
  12. ^Susan Lammers, "How it Started - JPLDIS: How Came The Idea", The History of FoxPro
  13. ^Susan Lammers, "Interview with Wayne Ratliff", The History of FoxPro
  14. ^ abPournelle, Jerry (July ). "Omikron TRS Boards, NEWDOS+, and Sundry Other Matters". Byte. p.&#; Retrieved October 18,
  15. ^"Ashton-Tate People", The History of FoxPro
  16. ^Chin, Kathy (). "Firms grab for dBase II gold". InfoWorld. pp.&#;72– Retrieved 4 February
  17. ^"New user interface for Ashton's dBase IV". CBRonline (Computer Business Review). February 17, [permanent dead link]
  18. ^Peter H. Lewis (January 15, ). "At Long Last, dBase IV Arrives". The New York Times.
  19. ^Andy Patrizio (March 28, ). "Feeling Retro? dBASE is back with a modern look - but is dBASE still relevant?". Network World.
  20. ^Richard O'Reilly (April 23, ). "The Future of Database Programs". Los Angeles Times.
  21. ^"New dBASE PLUS 9 includes new tools to make developing great programs, applications, and solutions easier than ever before!".
  22. ^"Introducing dbfExport™ 2 the easiest way to export your dBASE data ever!".
  23. ^"dBase, LLC Unveils New Version of dbDOS™ PRO 4!".
  24. ^"dBase, LLC Introduces dbDOS™ PRO 4N – Supports Multi-User MS-DOS Applications!".
  25. ^"The New dBASE PLUS 10 includes new tools and functionality to make developing great data-driven Windows® and Web based applications a breeze!".
  26. ^"dBase, LLC Introduces dbDOS PRO 5+N".
  27. ^"All Hail the new dBASE™ PLUS 11!".
  28. ^Warren M. Littlefield (). DBASE - From the Dot Prompt: An Introduction to Structured Programming using dBase IV. ISBN&#;.
  29. ^"Troubleshoot converting file formats - Excel - manicapital.com". Archived from the original on 5 April Retrieved 11 September
  30. ^"xbase mode". SourceForge. Retrieved 11 September
  31. ^"Importing and Exporting dBASE Files - LibreOffice Help". manicapital.com. Retrieved 11 September
  32. ^"Connecting dBase (xBase) - Apache OpenOffice Wiki". manicapital.com. Retrieved 11 September
  33. ^"Movies That Everyone Should See: "Office Space"". Fogs' Movie Reviews. Retrieved
  34. ^results, search (1 March ). "Understanding dBASE III Plus". Sybex Inc. Retrieved 11 September &#; via Amazon.

External links[edit]

Источник: [manicapital.com]
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